Jujutsu: The Ancient Secrets Of Self-Defence

Jujutsu, often spelled as jiu-jitsu or jujitsu, is a traditional Japanese martial art that focuses on using an opponent's energy against them, emphasizing flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability. It has a rich history, deeply rooted in the samurai traditions of feudal Japan, and has evolved into various forms over the centuries, influencing many modern martial arts such as Judo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, and Aikido.

Historical Background​

Jujutsu, meaning "gentle art" or "soft technique," originated in Japan during the Sengoku period (15th-16th century), a time of frequent warfare among samurai clans. The samurai warriors needed a method of self-defence that was effective even when disarmed. This need led to the development of jujutsu, a martial art that uses joint locks, throws, and strikes to subdue opponents, capitalizing on leverage and technique rather than brute strength.

Over time, various schools or ryu developed, each with its unique interpretation and techniques of jujutsu. One of the earliest and most influential of these was the Takenouchi-ryu, founded by Takenouchi Hisamori in 1532. These schools taught not only unarmed combat but also incorporated training in weapons, grappling, and striking techniques. The primary goal was to control or neutralize an opponent efficiently, often using the opponent's own force and momentum against them.

Kusakabe Kimbei, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons​

Core Principles and Techniques​

Jujutsu is built on several core principles that define its approach to combat:

1. Yielding and Flexibility: True to its name, jujutsu emphasizes the use of flexibility and yielding to overcome strength. Instead of meeting force with force, a jujutsu practitioner redirects or neutralizes an opponent's attack, often turning the opponent's energy against them.
2. Efficiency: Jujutsu techniques are designed to be efficient, requiring minimal effort to achieve maximum effect. This efficiency makes jujutsu effective regardless of the practitioner's size or strength.
3. Balance and Control: Maintaining one's balance while disrupting the opponent's balance is a key principle in jujutsu. Throws and joint locks are used to unbalance and control the opponent, making it difficult for them to retaliate.
4. Adaptability: Jujutsu is highly adaptable, with techniques that can be modified to suit various situations, whether in armed or unarmed combat. This adaptability has allowed jujutsu to remain relevant over the centuries, evolving with the needs of its practitioners.

Common techniques in jujutsu include:

• Nage-waza (Throwing techniques): Techniques designed to unbalance and throw an opponent to the ground, such as hip throws, shoulder throws, and leg sweeps.
• Kansetsu-waza (Joint locking techniques): Techniques that manipulate the joints, such as the wrist, elbow, and shoulder, to control or incapacitate an opponent.
• Atemi-waza (Striking techniques): Strikes to vital points on the body, used to weaken or distract an opponent, often preceding a throw or lock.
• Shime-waza (Choking techniques): Techniques that apply pressure to the opponent's neck or windpipe, potentially rendering them unconscious.

Evolution and Modern Forms​

Jujutsu's influence can be seen in many modern martial arts. One of the most significant offshoots is Judo, developed by Jigoro Kano in the late 19th century. Kano sought to refine jujutsu's techniques, focusing on the principles of maximum efficiency and mutual welfare. Judo emphasizes throwing and grappling techniques, with a strong emphasis on competition and sport.

Another notable evolution of jujutsu is Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), developed in the early 20th century by the Gracie family in Brazil. BJJ places a strong emphasis on ground fighting and submission holds, making it highly effective in close-quarters combat and popular in mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions.

Aikido, founded by Morihei Ueshiba, is another martial art derived from jujutsu. It focuses on blending with an opponent's movements to neutralize their attack, often using joint locks and throws to achieve a non-violent resolution.

The Philosophy of Jujutsu​

Beyond its physical techniques, jujutsu embodies a philosophy that extends into everyday life. The principles of flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability can be applied to personal development, problem-solving, and conflict resolution. Practitioners of jujutsu often learn the importance of remaining calm under pressure, using their skills judiciously, and striving for self-improvement.

Conclusion​

Jujutsu is more than just a martial art; it is a way of thinking and a way of life. Its principles of using an opponent's energy against them, maintaining balance and control, and adapting to changing circumstances have made it a timeless art. From its origins in the samurai traditions of Japan to its influence on modern martial arts, jujutsu continues to evolve and inspire practitioners around the world. Whether practiced for self-defence, sport, or personal growth, jujutsu offers valuable lessons in both physical and mental discipline.